| Organization | Location | Deadline to Apply | URL | Eligibility | Internship Dates |
| Abe Fellowship (Social Science Research Council) | Japan | Sep. 1, Annually | http://www.ssrc.org/fellowships/abe-fellowship-for-journalists/ | US citizen or permanent resident with at least 5 years journalism experience | Fellowship term is 3-12 months over a 24 month period |
| Alternet Fellowships | New York | Rolling | https://www.alternet.org/
Email your resume, cover letter (explaining why you’re a good fit for AlterNet, and an explanation of your interest in independent and progressive media), and writing sample/news compatibility test (see below) to internship@alternet.org. Writing Sample/News Compatibility Assignment: If you don’t have writing samples relevant to AlterNet, please write two 300-word news stories that would work for AlterNet, based on looking at our homepage. Include a sentence or two about why you picked each story for AlterNet. Make sure to include the date and hour you began this assignment so we can accurately assess your understanding of stale and fresh news stories. |
Graduate students, recent grads | Full or part-time for at least 10 weeks (please specify in application your preferred dates, as well as full- or part- time availability) |
| American Press Institute | Arlington, VA | Jan. 6, 2019 | https://www.americanpressinstitute.org/employment/summer-fellow-program/ | Current student (undergraduate or graduate) or recent graduate | Summer, 12 weeks |
| American Society of Magazine Editors | New York, Washington, D.C. | Dec. 1, 2019 | asmeinternship.org | Incoming seniors who have a GPA of 3.0 within their major | Summer, 10 weeks |
| Asian American Writers’ Workshop | New York | Sept. 12, 2019 (CLOSED) | http://www.aaww.org/fellowships/ | Emerging Asian American writers, aged 30 and under | 1 year |
| Associated Press | New York, Washington, Chicago, LA, Jerusalem, Moscow, London, Tokyo and more. | CLOSED, return to this site in November for details regarding the 2020 internship program. | http://www.ap.org/company/careers/news-internship | Juniors, seniors, graduate students and recent college graduates | Summer, 12 weeks |
| Association for Women in Sports Media | Various | Oct. 15, 2019 | http://awsmonline.org/latest-news/application-period-open-for-awsms-2020-scholars-program | Full-time female undergrad (sophomores and above) or graduate students | Summer |
| The Atlanta Journal-Constitution | Atlanta, GA. | Summer – Oct. 1.
Fall – June 1. Spring – Sept. 15 |
http://internships.ajc.com/ | Rising juniors, seniors or graduate students | Summer/Fall/Spring, 10 weeks |
| Atlantic Media Fellowship | Washington DC and New York | Oct. 8, 2019 | http://www.atlanticmedia.com/careers/ | Recent college graduates | Jan.-Dec. 2020 |
| Bloomberg | Hong Kong and New York | Rolling | https://careers.bloomberg.com/job/detail/78731?utm_medium=Bayard&utm_source=Glassdoor | Requirements vary depending on internship | Summer, 8-10 weeks |
| The Boston Globe | Boston, MA | Nov. 1, 2019 | http://jobs.bostonglobe.com/intern.html | College undergrads; seniors graduating year of internship; and journalism graduate school students with no professional experience |
Summer, 12 weeks |
| The Boston Globe (Co-op Program) | Boston, MA | Oct. 15 for January – June co-op
March 1 for July – December co-op |
http://jobs.bostonglobe.com/coop.html | Full time undergraduate students with a minimum of one-semester of school remaining at the time of the co-op assignment. Ability to work full-time 37.5 hours per week Minimum GPA 3.0 |
July – December (application date March 1) January – June (application date October 15) |
| The Buffalo News | Buffalo, NY | March 29, 2019 (CLOSED, check back soon) | https://buffalonews.com/2019/02/05/want-to-be-a-city-intern-applications-now-available/ | Juniors, seniors, graduate students and recent grads | Summer, 10 weeks |
| Bustle | New York | Summer – Apr. 15, 2019
Considerations for other semesters on rolling basis |
Applicants must have proven writing skills, experience pitching stories, a wealth of story ideas, and be passionate about covering one of the following topics: News/Politics, Entertainment, Fashion/Beauty, Lifestyle, Web Culture/Viral Content, Books. To apply, please send a short cover letter about why you’re interested, a resume (PDF preferred), and three related clips (links to published work preferred) to intern@bustle.com with the subject line: “Summer Internship: Topic – Your Name” | Juniors, seniors, graduate students, and recent graduates | Summer, Fall, Spring |
| Cancer Research Institute Science Writing | Bethesda, MD | Application cycle is currently closed. Please sign up to be notified when the 2020 application cycle begins in early November. | https://ncf.nci.nih.gov/ | Graduate students and recent graduate degree recipients | 6 months-1 year |
| Charles G. Koch Summer Fellow Program | Various | Rolling | http://www.charleskochinstitute.org/koch-fellow-program/ | Undergraduates, recent graduates, and graduate students studying in all majors are welcome | Spring – 12 weeks Summer – 10 weeks
Fall – 12 weeks |
| Chicago Tribune | Chicago, IL | Winter – Oct. 15
Spring – Jan. 15 Summer – April 15 |
http://www.tribunemedia.com/careers/ [Click on Careers and type internship in the Keywords area] | Juniors, seniors and grad students with previous internships | Winter, 4-10 weeks
Spring/Summer, 8-12 weeks |
| Chips Quinn Scholars | Various | On Hiatus for 2020 | https://www.freedomforuminstitute.org/initiatives/chips-quinn-scholars-program-for-diversity-in-journalism/ | Juniors, seniors and graduate students | Spring/Summer, 10-12 weeks |
| The Christian Science Monitor | Boston, MA | Summer – Jan. 15,
Spring – Oct. 15 Fall – Jul. 15 |
http://www.csmonitor.com/About/Careers | Undergraduate and graduate students | Year-round |
| Cosmopolitan | New York, NY | Submit resume and cover letter to cosmodotcom@gmail.com. | At least 1-2 years of writing experience, in digital, social media, or otherwise. Must have a bachelor’s degree. Cannot be a current student who is eligible for internships for credit. | Year-round | |
| The Courier-Journal | Louisville, KY | Dec. 3, 2018 | http://tinyurl.com/cjinternships | Degree-seeking student currently enrolled at a college or university with a GPA of at least 3.0. Students must have completed one year of college. Preference given to more advanced students. Those who have completed undergraduate work also are accepted. | Summer, 12 weeks |
| The Dallas Morning News | Dallas, TX/ Washington, DC | Nov. 1, 2019 | https://ahbelo.mua.hrdepartment.com/hr/ats/JobSearch/search | Must be enrolled in college or have graduated 6 months prior to the internship start date. Previous newspaper experience is requested | Summer/10-12 weeks |
| The Daniel Pearl Investigative Journalism Initiative | Various, depending on project | March 30, 2020 | https://www.dpiji.org/apply | Must be between the ages of 22 and 38 | Varies depending on project |
| Deadline Club Scholarship Program | New York, NY | April 12, 2019 (WINNERS SELECTED. Check back next year for 2020 scholarship contest) | http://www.deadlineclub.org/scholarships/ | Graduate and undergraduate journalism students in the New York City area | N/A |
| Democracy Now! Digital Fellowship | New York, NY | Rolling | http://democracynow.org/about/jobs/fellowships/digital-fellow#op-170489-digital-fellow | Early career journalists | 1 year, starting in summer |
| Dēmos Emerging Voices Fellowship—Voting Rights Journalist | New York, NY | Rolling | http://demos.hiringthing.com. | Early career journalists | Year-round |
| The Denver Post | Denver, CO | October 31, 2019 | http://www.denverpost.com/internships | Seniors, graduate students and recent graduates | Summer, 10 Weeks |
| The Detroit News | Detroit, MI | CLOSED | http://static.detroitnews.com/help/ | Juniors, Seniors and recent graduates | Summer, 12 weeks |
| Dow Jones News Fund (Business Reporting, Data Journalism,Digital Media or Copy Editing) | Various | Nov. 8, 2019 | https://www.newsfund.org/ | Open to juniors, seniors and graduate students
|
Summer, 10 weeks |
| ESPN Stuart Scott Internship | Bristol, CT | Feb. 15, 2019 | https://www.nabj.org/page/18ScottIntern | Undergraduate and graduate students | June 10 – Aug. 17, 2019 |
| Fellowships at Auschwitz for the Study of Professional Ethics (FASPE) | Fellows visit Auschwitz and other sites in Germany and Poland | Dec. 30, 2019 | To learn more about FASPE and to apply, please visit: http://www.faspe-ethics.org. | Current Graduate Students and working journalists who received an undergraduate degree between May 2018 and May 2019 or any graduate degree between May 2018 and January 2019. | May 22 – June 5, 2020 |
| Gannett Talent Development Program | Various | Rolling | http://www.gannett.com/article/99999999/CAREERS07/120106001 | Recent graduates | Jan.-Jun. |
| Google Journalism Fellowship | Various | Watch for announcements later this year. | http://www.google.com/get/journalismfellowship/index.html | Undergraduate and graduate students | TBA |
| Grist Fellowship | Seattle, WA | Application period is now closed. | http://www.grist.org/fellowships/ | Recent graduates | Fall, Spring |
| Hawaii Society of Professional Journalists | Various locations in Hawaii | Application process begins in December, lasts through January | http://www.hawaiispj.org/ | Hawaii residents enrolled in college (sophomore or higher), or students enrolled in a Hawaiian college or university | Summer, 8-10 weeks |
| The Houston Chronicle | Houston, TX | Dec. 1 | To apply for editorial openings in reporting, editing or photography, send a resume, brief cover letter, reference letters, and 5-10 clips or 10-15 slides to:
Jim Newkirk, Assistant Managing Editor Houston Chronicle, P.O. Box 4260, Houston, TX 77210 |
Juniors and seniors | Summer |
| Huffington Post | New York, NY | Rolling | http://www.huffingtonpost.com/jobs/#internships_125713BR | N/A | 4-6 month fellowship |
| Ida B. Wells Fellowship | Varies depending on project | Application period now closed. | https://www.typeinvestigations.org/about/special-funds/ida-b-wells-fellowship/ | Early career journalists | 1 year |
| The Intercept | New York, NY | Application periods now closed. | Editorial Fellow: https://boards.greenhouse.io/firstlookmedia/jobs/1065388
Audience Engagement Fellow: https://boards.greenhouse.io/firstlookmedia/jobs/1065410 |
Recent college graduates | Summer or Fall, 12 weeks |
| Kentucky School of Journalism Foundation | Various locations in Kentucky | Jan. 31, 2020 | http://www.kypress.com/intern/ | Sophomores, juniors, seniors and recent graduates | Summer, 10 weeks |
| Lee Ester News Fellowship | Madison, WI | Application period now closed. | https://www.wpr.org/lee-ester-news-fellow | Recent graduates or early career journalists | 9 months |
| The Los Angeles Times | Los Angeles, CA | Reporting; Photo & Video – Nov. 1, 2019
Website;Visualization & Data – Dec. 1, 2019 Data Desk; Design – Dec. 15, 2019 |
http://www.latimes.com/interns | Undergraduates and graduate students | Summer |
| McClatchy, Inc. | McClatchy newspaper locations | Dec. 1 | For a list of positions and newspaper contacts, call McClatchy Human Resources at 916-321-1938 | Call for more info | Summer, 10-12 weeks |
| McGraw Fellowship for Business Journalism | Varies based on project | Winter – January 3, 2020 | http://www.mcgrawcenter.org/the-harold-w-mcgraw-jr-business-journalism-fellowships | Working journalists with at least 5 years experience | Summer, Winter |
| Meredith-Cronkite Fellowship Program at ASU | Phoenix, AZ | Nov. 1 | https://cronkite.asu.edu/outreach/meredith-cronkite-fellowship | Undergraduate and graduate students | Jan., 1 week |
| Metpro (The Chicago Tribune, The Los Angeles Times) | Chicago, IL, Los Angeles, LA | Applications closed for 2019. Stay tuned for 2020 deadlines. | www.metpronews.com | Juniors, seniors, graduate students and recent graduates | Stay tuned for 2020 details. |
| The Miami Herald | Miami, FL | Oct. 31 every year for the following year. | http://www.miamiherald.com/customer-service/about-us/article3861569.html | Undergraduate and graduate students | Summer, 10 weeks |
| Mic Fellowship | New York City | Rolling | https://boards.greenhouse.io/mic/jobs/11380#.VFJDmPnF-Sm | Recent graduates | 2 months |
| The Minneapolis Star Tribune | Minneapolis, MN | Nov. 1, 2019 | http://www.startribunecompany.com/work-for-us/newsroom-internships/ | Open to seniors, graduate students and recent graduates with daily news experience. | Summer, 10 weeks |
| Moment Magazine | Washington, DC | Rolling | http://www.momentmag.com/opportunities/ | Early career journalists | Internships are offered in the spring (January through May), summer (June through August) and fall (September through December). Fall and spring interns work 16-24 hours/week (two or three full days). Summer interns are expected to work 40 hours per week. |
| Mother Jones – The Ben Bagdikian Fellowship | San Francisco, CA, Washington, DC | Oct. 1 for Dec. fellowship
Apr. 1 for June fellowship |
http://www.motherjones.com/about/ben-bagdikian-fellowship-program | Recent graduates | 6 month fellowship |
| Type Media Center (formerly The Nation) | New York City/Washington, DC | Next round of applications for Fellowship support will open in early Fall 2019. | http://www.nationinstitute.org/internships/1000/ | Seniors, graduate students and recent graduates | Spring/Summer
|
| National Public Radio – NPR | Washington, D.C., Culver City, CA, New York City, Chicago, IL, Boston, MA | Internship applications for the Winter/Spring 2020 semester will open at the beginning of October. | https://www.npr.org/about-npr/181881227/want-to-be-an-npr-intern
|
Must be an undergraduate student, a graduate student, or have graduated from college within 12 months of beginning the internship | Year-round, 3-4 months |
| NBC News Associates Program | New York City | Applications are now closed. Please check back in January 2020. | https://www.nbcunicareers.com/programs/nbc-news-and-msnbc/news-associates-program | Recent graduates | 1 year |
| New Jersey Newspaper Foundation | Various locations in New Jersey | Applications closed for 2019. Stay tuned for 2020! | http://www.njpa.org/foundation/internships.html | New Jersey residents currently enrolled in school, or students attending a New Jersey college or university | Summer, 6-8 weeks |
| The New York Times | New York City, Washington, DC | Applications for the 2020 class will begin to be accepted in the Fall of 2019. | https://www.nytco.com/careers/summer-internship-program/ | Reporting candidates must be seniors or above. All other internships available to junior and above | Summer, 10 Weeks |
| The New York Times Student Journalism Institute | New York | Nov. 15, 2019 | http://nytimes-institute.com/ | Participants must be enrolled college students (or December or May graduates) who are members of NABJ, NAHJ, AAJA, or NAJA, or students at a historically black college or university. | May 16-31, 2020 |
| Newsday | Melville, NY | Oct. 31, 2019 | https://newsday.wd1.myworkdayjobs.com/en-US/Newsday/job/Melville—Corporate-Center-Drive/Summer-2020-Paid-Reporter-and-Multimedia-Internship_R719 | Junior, senior or graduate students. Must have had at least one previous internship at a daily paper, magazine or website. Reporter and Visual Journalist interns must have a driver’s license and a car | Summer 2020 |
| Next City Urban Affairs Journalism Fellowship | Philadelphia, PA | APPLICATIONS ARE CLOSED. | http://jobs.nextcity.org/job-post/36687.75827 | College journalism students of color | Summer, 10 weeks |
| Knight Visiting Nieman Fellowships | Cambridge, MA | Sept. 27, 2019, at 11:59 p.m. | https://nieman.harvard.edu/fellowships/nieman-visiting-fellowships/ | Those who should consider applying include journalists, publishers, technologists, entrepreneurs, programmers, designers, media analysts, academics and others who want to make an impact. There is no age limit or academic prerequisites, and a college degree is not required. Both U.S. and international applicants are invited to apply. | Applicants list their preferred start date, the number of weeks requested (no more than 12), and any flexibility regarding dates in the online application |
| The O’Brien Fellowship | Milwaukee, W.I. | Begins Accepting Applications:
Dec. 1, 2019 Deadline: Jan. 20, 2020 |
https://www.marquette.edu/obrien-fellowship/application.php | Applicants should have at least five years of professional experience and produce journalism regularly as an employee or freelancer. Applicants may be connected to print operations, radio, television, websites, podcasts, online publications, wire services, or magazines of general public interest. There are no academic prerequisites.
Applications from international journalists are welcome. |
9 months |
| Orange County Register | Santa Ana, CA | CLOSED | http://www.ocregister.com/sections/about/careers/internships/ | Juniors, seniors, graduate students and recent graduates | Year-round, 10 weeks |
| Orlando Sentinel | Orlando, FL | Spring 2019 – Oct. 15, 2018
Summer 2019 – March 1, 2019 Fall 2019 – June 15, 2019 |
http://www.orlandosentinel.com/orl-internships-story.html | Undergraduate and graduate students | Summer, 10 weeks |
| Overseas Press Club (OPC) Foundation Scholarships | New York, NY | Dec. 1, 2019 | screeningroom.org/festivals/public/opc-foundation-scholarship | Undergraduate and graduate students | Summer |
| Politico Journalism Institute | Arlington, VA, Washington, DC | Jan. 15, 2019 (Applications are CLOSED – check back soon for 2020 session!) | https://www.politico.com/pji | Undergraduate students | Check back soon for information on the 2020 session. |
| ProPublica Emerging Reporters Program | Various (ProPublica provides stipends for students working at a college news outlet) | Rolling | https://www.propublica.org/fellowships/emerging-reporters-program | Undergraduate and graduate students | Year-round |
| ProPublica Engagement and Social Media Reporting Fellow, ProPublica Illinois | Chicago, IL | Not currently accepting applicants | https://propublica.forms.fm/engagement-and-social-media-reporting-fellow-illinois | Mid-June, 6 months | |
| ProPublica Reporting Fellowship | New York City | Rolling | https://www.propublica.org/fellowships | Applicants should have prior journalism experience | Summer, 16 weeks |
| Pulliam Journalism Fellowships (The Indianapolis Star/The Arizona Republic) | Indianapolis, IN /Phoenix, AZ | Nov. 1, 2019 | https://www.indystar.com/story/news/2016/08/15/apply-pulliam-journalism-fellowship/88807636/ | Juniors and seniors, and graduate students | Summer, 10 weeks |
| The Reporters Committee | Arlington, VA | Spring: Nov. 1
Summer: March 1 Fall: Aug. 1 |
http://www.rcfp.org/about-us/internships
|
Juniors and seniors, and recent graduates | Spring, Summer, Fall |
| Reuters Journalism Program | New York, London, Asia | Not currently accepting applicants | http://thomsonreuters.com/en/careers/recent-graduates-interns/recent-graduates.html | Final year students and recent graduates | 9 months
|
| Reveal Investigative Fellowship | Training in San Francisco | Rolling, not currently accepting applicants | http://bit.ly/Revealfellows | Experienced journalists of color | One year |
| Robert Novak Journalism Fellowships | Various, depending on project | The application deadline for the 2019-20 Novak Fellowship is now closed. | https://tfas.org/programs/robert-novak-journalism-fellowship/apply/ | Working journalists with less than 10 years of professional experience | Full-time and part-time awards with quarterly writing installments |
| Rosalynn Carter Fellowships for Mental Health Journalism | Nonresident fellowship | The application window for the 2019-2020 fellowship is now closed. | https://www.cartercenter.org/health/mental_health/fellowships/ | Working journalists with at least 3 years of professional experience | Self-directed |
| The Seattle Times | Seattle, WA | Nov. 1 | http://company.seattletimes.com/careers/#internships | Sophomores, juniors, seniors and graduate students | Summer, 10 weeks
|
| Sirius XM Radio | Various | Rolling | http://www.siriusxm.com/careers/internships | Undergraduate and graduate students | Summer, Fall and Spring programs, 13-14 weeks |
| Smithsonian Magazine | Washington, D.C. | Generally Nov. 15 for the following summer. | http://www.smithsonianmag.com/about/internships-employment.html [The Smithsonian Magazine’s summer internship program is sponsored by the American Society of Magazine Editors: http://www.magazine.org/asme/internship-program] |
Recent graduates and graduate students | Six months, full-time internships, Jan.-Jun., Jul.-Dec. |
| Society of Professional Journalists Pulliam/Kilgore Freedom of Information | Washington DC/Indianapolis | Not accepting applicants at this time. | http://www.spj.org/i-pullkilgore.asp | Seniors, recent graduates, graduate students, or law students with journalism background | Summer, 10 weeks |
| South Florida Sun Sentinel | Fort Lauderdale, FL | Rolling | http://www.tribpub.com/career-opportunities/ | Juniors and seniors | Summer, 11 weeks |
| Sports Journalism Institute | Various | Nov. 1, 2019 | http://sportsjournalisminstitute.org/apply/ | Sophomores, juniors, seniors and graduate students. Must have internship experience
|
Summer, 8-day class class at the University of Missouri in Columbia, Mo. followed by an 8-week paid internship. May 30-June 7 |
| Storyhunter | New York, NY | Rolling | Send your resume and a cover letter to eric@storyhunter.com. In the cover letter, which should be no longer than one page, please describe why you would be a great fit with Storyhunter and how this fellowship will help you achieve your career goals. | Recents graduates and students with less than a year left to their degrees. | 6 months |
| T. Howard Foundation | Various | Priority – Oct. 31
Final – Dec. 1 |
http://www.t-howard.org/internship-program-eligibility-how-apply | Sophomores, juniors, seniors and graduate students. | June-August |
| Tampa Bay Times | Tampa Bay, FL | Newsroom – Nov. 1, Marketing/Ads/Web Development – Feb. 15 | http://www.tampabay.com/company/join-us/internships | Sophomores, juniors, seniors and graduate students. Must have internship experience | Summer |
| Television Academy Foundation | Los Angeles, CA | The application period for Summer 2020 internships will open in November, 2019. | http://www.emmys.com/foundation/programs/internship/apply | Undergraduate and graduate students | Summer, 8 weeks |
| The Texas Tribune Student Fellowships | Austin, TX | Spring – Oct. 4, 2019
Summer – Nov. 15, 2019 |
https://www.texastribune.org/jobs/editorial-fellowship | Undergraduate and graduate students | Spring and Summer |
| Time Inc. | New York, NY | CLOSED | http://www.timeinc.com/careers/internships/ | Undergraduate and graduate students | Summer, 9-10 weeks |
| Tulsa World | Tulsa, OK | Oct. 15, 2019 | https://www.tulsaworld.com/internship/ | Undergraduate and graduate students | Summer, 10 weeks |
| USC Annenberg National Health Journalism Fellowships | Los Angeles, CA | California Fellowship: Recruitment begins in Oct. 2019
Center for Health Journalism Impact Fund: Deadline is September 20, 2019 |
http://www.centerforhealthjournalism.org/fellowships/seminars | Early career journalists | California Fellowship: March 2020
Data Fellowship: Oct. 23-26, 2019
|
| Viacom Summer Associates Program | New York, NY | CLOSED | http://www.viacomcareers.com/summerassoc.html | Recent graduates | Summer, 10 weeks |
| The Virginian-Pilot | Norfolk, VA | Rolling | https://www.pilotonline.com/about/intern/vp-internship-program-20190817-wzbebm23hrfqvphcszs45jlesy-story.html | Juniors and seniors are preferred, but sophomores and graduate students also are eligible. Experience at a college paper is a must, and a previous internship at a daily paper is a plus | Summer, Fall, Spring |
| Vox Media Writing Fellowships | Washington, D.C. | Rolling | http://www.voxmedia.com/careers | Early-career journalists | One year |
| The Wall Street Journal 2020 Internships | New York City, Washington, DC, San Francisco, CA, Detroit, MI Europe and Asia | Nov. 1, 2019 | wsj.jobs | College juniors and seniors;
Graduate students |
General/Summer, 10 weeks |
| The Washington Post | Washington, DC | Oct. 9, 2019 | http://intern.washpost.com/applying.html | Juniors, seniors and graduate students. Must have internship experience | Summer, 12 weeks |
| Washingtonian Magazine | Washington, DC | CLOSED | https://www.washingtonian.com | Rising college senior with previous media internship experience or College graduates | Fall – four months
Spring- Five months Summer – three months |
| Wired Magazine | New York, NY | Applications have closed, please return to this page in late fall 2019 for information on next year’s program. | http://www.wired.com/about/jobs-magazine-fellowships/ | Applicants must be pursuing a career in journalism and have experience in a deadline-oriented environment | January-June or July-September |
| Wogrammer Journalism Fellowship | Winter Fellowship (Applications open in January)
Summer Fellowship (Applications open in June) Fall Fellowship (Applications open in September) |
https://wogrammer.org/jf-application/ | Currently enrolled at an accredited university | Three fellowship terms per year: Winter, Summer, and Fall |